Kidney stones, primarily composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx), are a prevalent urological disorder affecting approximately 10–15% of the global population. Often asymptomatic in early stages, they can lead to severe complications such as renal injury and chronic kidney disease. The pathogenesis involves supersaturation of urine with CaOx, resulting in crystal nucleation, growth, and adhesion to renal epithelial cells, triggering inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis. Corilagin, a natural gallotannin derived from plants like *Phyllanthus* species, has demonstrated potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. This study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of corilagin in a rat model of ethylene glycol (EG)-induced nephrolithiasis. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: normal control, EG-induced nephrolithiasis, EG + 50 mg/kg corilagin, and EG + 100 mg/kg corilagin. After four weeks of treatment, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels significantly increased in the EG group, indicating impaired renal function. Histopathological analysis revealed extensive CaOx crystal deposition, glomerular damage, and tubular necrosis. Oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), were markedly elevated, while antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)—were significantly reduced. Concurrently, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were upregulated. Molecular analyses showed downregulation of key survival genes PPAR-γ, PI3K, and Akt, alongside increased expression of apoptosis-related genes Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3.Prostein Antibody Purity Administration of corilagin dose-dependently reversed these changes: it reduced serum BUN and creatinine, attenuated histological damage, suppressed MDA levels, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, decreased inflammatory mediators, and restored PPAR-γ/PI3K/Akt signaling.Fostriecin Technical Information Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased protein expression of PPAR-γ, PI3K, and Akt in corilagin-treated rats.PMID:34895900 Furthermore, mRNA levels of apoptotic markers were significantly reduced. These findings demonstrate that corilagin exerts protective effects against CaOx-induced nephrolithiasis by mitigating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation, and inhibiting apoptosis through activation of the PPAR-γ and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Corilagin thus emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing and managing calcium oxalate kidney stones.MedChemExpress (MCE) offers a wide range of high-quality research chemicals and biochemicals (novel life-science reagents, reference compounds and natural compounds) for scientific use. We have professionally experienced and friendly staff to meet your needs. We are a competent and trustworthy partner for your research and scientific projects.Related websites: https://www.medchemexpress.com